The Genesis of Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks: Depositional Systems, Mineralogy, and Diagenetic Pathways
Scleractinian corals utilize aragonite, whereas rugose and tabulate corals of the Paleozoic utilized calcite. origin of carbonate sedimentary rocks pdf extra quality
Organisms (e.g., bivalves, corals) actively extract ions to build their skeletons independent of external water saturation states. From microscopic plankton to massive coral reefs, these
The diagenesis of carbonate sediments can result in a range of different rock types, including: oxygen/salinity stress typical
. From microscopic plankton to massive coral reefs, these creatures extract calcium and carbonate ions from seawater to build shells and skeletons. When these organisms die, their remains accumulate on the ocean floor, creating layers of biogenic sediment Chemical Precipitation
| Environment | Characteristics | |---|---| | | Gently sloping continental margin (slope <1°); in direct communication with open ocean or bounded by reefs/shoals | | Rimmed Platform | A nearly horizontal shallow marine environment surrounded by marine waters, bounded by a reef or shoal barrier | | Lagoon | Restricted body of water between mainland and reef/shoal barrier; oxygen/salinity stress typical; low energy | | Peritidal | Tidally influenced areas including subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal zones | | Reef | In situ accumulation of wave-resistant organisms; forms on platform, ramp, or shelf margins | | Basin | Deep marine environment well below storm wave base; dominated by suspension deposition |
Carbonate rocks (limestones and dolostones) constitute approximately 20-25% of the sedimentary rock record. Unlike siliciclastic rocks, which are derived from the weathering of pre-existing rocks, carbonates are predominantly at or near the site of deposition.